3175 BC
Arjuna is born to Kunti and Indra.
Between 3160 BC and 3155 BC
Trains under Drona; becomes his greatest student.
3153 BC
Escapes the House of Lac.
3152 BC
Wins Draupadi at her swayamvara.
Between 3151 BC and 3141 BC
Builds Indraprastha; period of prosperity.
3141 BC
Begins voluntary exile; marries Ulupi, Chitrangada, and Subhadra; receives divine weapons.
3139 BC
Dice game; Pandavas begin their 13-year exile.
3126 BC
Ends exile after 12 years plus 1 year in disguise.
Between 3126 BC and 3125 BC
Kurukshetra War; Krishna delivers the Bhagavad Gita. Arjuna defeats Karna and other great warriors.
Between 3125 BC and 3089 BC
Reign of Yudhishthira; Arjuna participates in the Ashvamedha campaign.
3089 BC
Krishna dies. Arjuna loses much of his divine power.
3088 BC
Arjuna and the Pandavas renounce the kingdom and begin the Mahaprasthana (Great Journey). Arjuna dies during the journey.
Between 1600 BC and 1550 BC
Birth & Abandonment
Between 1550 BC and 1500 BC
Raised as a Huntress
Between 1500 BC and 1480 BC
Childhood & early life
Between 1500 BC and 1450 BC
Reunion with Her Father
1500 BC
Calydonian Boar Hunt
Between 1480 BC and 1460 BC
Adult years as the Labyrinth's prisoner
Between 1460 BC and 1450 BC
Theseus arrives in Crete
1450 BC
Racing Suitor & Death
1350 BC
Orion is born (mythological estimate).
1335 BC
Becomes a renowned giant hunter; Poseidon grants him the ability to walk on water (in some versions).
1330 BC
Hunts with Artemis.
1328 BC
Killed by a giant scorpion sent by Gaia, or accidentally shot by Artemis after a trick by Apollo (depending on the myth).
1325 BC
Born in Thebes — Hera's Jealousy Begins
1324 BC
Strangles Two Serpents in His Crib
Between 1323 BC and 1310 BC
Trained by the Greatest Teachers of the Age
1310 BC
Kills the Lion of Cithaeron
1308 BC
Marries Megara — Princess of Thebes
1300 BC
Hera's Madness — Kills His Own Children
1299 BC
Oracle of Delphi — Twelve Years of Service
Between 1298 BC and 1288 BC
The Twelve Labors of Hercules
1288 BC
Sacks Troy — Before Achilles
1285 BC
Born in Phthia — Dipped in the River Styx
1285 BC
Sails with Jason on the Argo
Between 1284 BC and 1270 BC
Raised by Chiron the Centaur
1280 BC
Wins Deianeira — Kills the Centaur Nessus
Between 1278 BC and 1275 BC
Further Campaigns Across Greece
1275 BC
Friendship with Patroclus
1275 BC
The Shirt of Nessus — Death by Hydra Venom
1265 BC
Hidden on Scyros — Disguised as a Girl
1262 BC
Unmasked by Odysseus
Between 1260 BC and 1252 BC
Nine Years Raiding Cities Around Troy
1251 BC
Quarrel with Agamemnon — The Wrath of Achilles
1250 BC
Kills Penthesilea & Memnon
1205 BC
Service under King Manuchehr
1201 BC
Arrow shot from Mount Damavand
Between Jul 20, 356 BC and Jul 21, 356 BC
Alexander is born in Pella
355 BC
Bucephalus is born in Thessaly, bred by Philonicus. Known for his wild and untamable nature.
344 BC
At age 13, Alexander tames Bucephalus after noticing he feared his own shadow. Philip II, impressed, declares Macedonia too small for his son’s ambitions.
343 BC
Begins studying under Aristotle
338 BC
Fights at the Battle of Chaeronea
Oct of 336 BC
Philip II of Macedon is assassinated
335 BC
Alexander becomes king of Macedon
334 BC
Bucephalus carries Alexander into battle during the Persian campaign, beginning with the Battle of Granicus.
Between Mar 25, 334 BC and May 26, 334 BC
Crosses into Asia to invade the Persian Empire
May of 334 BC
Battle of the Granicus
Nov of 333 BC
Battle of Issus against Darius III
Between Jan of 332 BC and Jul of 332 BC
Siege of Tyre
Between Aug of 332 BC and Dec of 332 BC
Enters Egypt
Oct 1, 331 BC
Battle of Gaugamela
330 BC
Captures Persepolis
May of 326 BC
Battle of the Hydaspes against Porus
Between Jun 10, 323 BC and Jun 11, 323 BC
Alexander dies in Babylon at age 32
287 BC
Born in Syracuse, Sicily.
269 BC
Studied in Alexandria, Egypt.
263 BC
Returned to Syracuse.
Between 250 BC and 214 BC
Produced major work in mathematics and mechanics, including studies tied to buoyancy, the lever, and the Archimedean screw.
214 BC
Helped defend Syracuse against the Romans during the siege.
212 BC
Died during the Roman capture of Syracuse.
Between 25 and 30
Born into an elite family of the Iceni tribe in what is now eastern England (modern Norfolk).
43
Romans invade Britain under Emperor Claudius; Iceni tribe initially allowed semi‑independence under King Prasutagus.
54
Nero becomes emperor of Rome.
60
Boudica’s forces defeat part of Legio IX Hispana and burn Londinium (London) and Verulamium (St Albans). Estimated 70,000–80,000 Romans and Britons killed.
60
Boudica rallies the Iceni, Trinovantes, and other tribes to revolt. They destroy Camulodunum (Colchester), killing Roman settlers.
60
King Prasutagus dies. His will leaves his kingdom jointly to his daughters and the Roman emperor, but Rome seizes Iceni lands. Boudica is flogged, and her daughters are assaulted.
61
Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paulinus regroups and decisively defeats Boudica’s army despite being outnumbered.
61
Boudica dies soon after the defeat, either by suicide (according to Tacitus) or illness (according to Cassius Dio).
Between 435 and 439
Consolidation of the North
441
First Eastern Roman Invasion
443
Destruction of Naissus & Serdica
445
Murder of Bleda — Sole Ruler
447
Balkans Campaign — Battle of the Utus
465
Arthur is born (traditional estimate).
480
Begins training as a warrior.
Between 480 and 495
Estimated birth
485
Becomes king, often associated with drawing the sword from the stone or receiving Excalibur from the Lady of the Lake (depending on the legend).
Between 490 and 510
Establishes Camelot and gathers the Knights of the Round Table.
Between 490 and 500
Birth of Brynhildr, imagined as a Valkyrie or Burgundian princess.
495
Estimated birth of Beowulf.
500
Leads the Britons to victory at the Battle of Mount Badon (if identified with the historical battle).
Between 500 and 530
Active service
500
Born the son of King Bors of Ganis and Queen Evaine. Raised with his brother Lionel.
500
Brynhildr is depicted as a Valkyrie, punished by Odin for disobedience and placed in an enchanted sleep behind a wall of fire.
505
Feud with Pellinore's Kin
Between 510 and 535
The quest for the Holy Grail takes place in later medieval legends.
510
Captured by King Claudas after his father’s death; later rescued by the Lady of the Lake and raised alongside his cousin Lancelot.
510
Punished by Odin, placed in enchanted sleep behind a wall of fire.
515
Sails to Denmark to defeat Grendel and Grendel's mother.
515
Awakened by Sigurd, pledges love and marriage.
520
King Hygelac dies, and Beowulf later becomes king of the Geats.
520
Knighted at King Arthur’s court in Camelot. Gains reputation for loyalty and chastity.
520
Betrayed, forced to marry Gunnar; plots revenge.
520
Sigurd is killed; Brynhildr dies soon after, throwing herself on his funeral pyre.
525
Fights in Arthur’s wars against King Claudas, helping reclaim his family’s lands.
530
Fathers Elyan the White (through enchantment), who later joins the Round Table.
535
Undertakes the Holy Grail Quest with Galahad and Percival. Witnesses the Grail but is the only knight to return alive to Camelot.
537
Fights the Battle of Camlann against Mordred. Arthur is dead and taken to Avalon.
537
Battle of Camlann (traditional date per the Annales Cambriae)
Between 537 and 550
After Camlann
540
After Arthur’s death, some traditions say Bors becomes ruler in Britain; others claim he travels to the Holy Land and dies in crusading battles.
Between 550 and 570
Estimated death
570
After ruling for fifty years, an elderly Beowulf fights and kills a dragon, but is mortally wounded. His death here is the end of his story.
Between 720 and 730
Born in Cividale, Italy.
Between 752 and 753
Threatens Rome
Between Apr of 754 and May of 754
First defeat
Dec of 756
Second defeat & death
Between 770 and 780
Birth of Bradamante in Frankish lands, sister of Rinaldo.
790
Trains as a knight, joins Charlemagne’s paladins.
795
Encounters Ruggiero during campaigns against Saracens.
800
Marries Ruggiero after his conversion to Christianity.
Between 810 and 820
Hypothetical death, after Charlemagne’s reign, as her role in epic tradition concludes with dynastic legacy.
910
Ashiya Dōman is born (estimated).
Between 940 and 950
Studies onmyōdō (Japanese esoteric cosmology and divination).
Between 970 and 995
Becomes the legendary rival of Abe no Seimei in numerous folktales.
Between 995 and 1005
In later legends, is defeated by Seimei in magical contests and loses his status.
1005
Dies (estimated; historical details are uncertain).
1021
Born in Málaga, Spain.
Between 1038 and 1039
Wrote elegies for his patrons, Hai Gaon and Jekuthiel Hassan.
1044
Wrote Improvement of the Moral Qualities.
1049
Wrote his masterpiece, Fons Vitae (Fountain of Life).
1058
Died in Valencia, Spain.
Sep 13, 1475
Cesare Borgia is born in Subiaco, Papal States (Italy), the illegitimate son of Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI) and Vannozza dei Cattanei.
1478
Born on the island of Lesbos (Ottoman Empire) to Yakup Ağa, a sipahi of Turkish or Albanian origin, and Katerina, a local Greek Christian woman .
Aug 18, 1480
Born in Subiaco, Papal States, daughter of Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia (later Pope Alexander VI) and Vannozza dei Cattanei.
Jun 12, 1493
Marries Giovanni Sforza, Lord of Pesaro and Gradara.
Sep 20, 1493
Created cardinal by his father, Pope Alexander VI.
Dec 20, 1497
Marriage annulled by Pope Alexander VI on grounds of non-consummation.
1498
Marries Alfonso of Aragon, Duke of Bisceglie and Prince of Salerno.
Aug 18, 1498
Resigns his cardinalship to pursue a secular and military career.
1499
Marries Charlotte d’Albret, sister of the King of Navarre, strengthening ties with France.
1500
Begins naval career as a corsair under his elder brother Oruç Reis, operating in the Aegean and Mediterranean .
Jul of 1500
Alfonso of Aragon is assassinated, likely on orders of Cesare Borgia.
Nov of 1501
Marries Alfonso I d’Este, Duke of Ferrara, securing her position as Duchess of Ferrara.
Dec 31, 1502
Executes rival condottieri at Senigallia, consolidating his control over Romagna.
1503
Joins Oruç at Djerba; brothers begin operations in the Western Mediterranean .
Aug 11, 1503
Pope Alexander VI dies, leading to Cesare’s rapid decline in power.
Between 1504 and 1510
Brothers transport Muslim refugees (Mudéjars) from Spain to North Africa; Oruç earns the nickname "Baba Oruç," which becomes "Barbarossa" (Redbeard) .
Jan 25, 1505
Officially becomes Duchess consort of Ferrara, Modena, and Reggio.
Mar 12, 1507
Dies in battle near Viana, Navarre (Spain), fighting for his brother-in-law, King John III of Navarre. He is buried at Iglesia de Santa María in Viana.
1516
Brothers capture Algiers from Spain; Oruç declares himself Sultan .
1518
Oruç killed in battle with Spanish forces. Hızır inherits the nickname "Barbarossa" and the leadership of Algiers; receives the honorary name Hayreddin ("best of the faith") .
Jun 24, 1519
Dies at Belriguardo Castle, Ferrara, following childbirth complications. Buried at the Convent of Corpus Domini, Ferrara.
Between 1526 and 1528
Early life
1529
Captures the Peñón of Algiers from Spain, securing his base .
Between 1543 and 1544
Leads joint naval campaigns with France against the Habsburgs .
1545
Retires to Constantinople (Istanbul) .
Jul 4, 1546
Dies in Constantinople at age ~67–68. Buried in the Barbaros Türbesi mausoleum in Beşiktaş, Istanbul .
Between 1550 and 1570
Rise as Samurai
Between 1570 and 1580
Service Under Nobunaga
Jun 21, 1582
The Honnō-ji Incident
Jul 2, 1582
Fall and Death
1636
Rise as “Heaven’s Messenger”
Between Dec of 1637 and Feb of 1638
Defense of Hara Castle
Dec 17, 1637
Shimabara Rebellion begins
Between 1680 and 1681
Early Life
May 17, 1682
Born at Casnewydd Bach (Little Newcastle), near Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
Between 1690 and 1695
Born in England.
Jan of 1692
Beginning of the Salem Witch Trials
Feb of 1692
Beginning of the Salem Witch Trials
Between Mar of 1692 and Jun of 1692
Height of the Trials
Between Jun of 1692 and Sep of 1692
Height of the Trials
Jun 10, 1692
Height of the Trials
Between Sep of 1692 and 1693
Disappearance from Records
Between 1695 and 1720
Served as a soldier and then went to sea.
1698
Born near Cork, Ireland.
Between 1714 and 1719
Lived in Nassau, Bahamas, then became involved with pirate circles and John Rackham.
1718
Married James Bonny and was reportedly disowned by her father.
1719
Forced into piracy off West Africa by Captain Howell Davis.
Between 1719 and 1721
Raids across the Caribbean, Newfoundland, and West Africa.
Apr of 1719
Bonny and Rackham stole a ship and began piracy in the Caribbean.
Jul of 1719
Elected captain after Davis's death.
1720
Sailed with Rackham’s crew, alongside Mary Read, raiding ships around Jamaica.
1720
Joined Calico Jack Rackham’s pirate crew with Anne Bonny.
Between Oct of 1720 and Nov of 1720
Captured by Jamaican authorities; Rackham’s crew was tried and convicted.
Oct of 1720
Captured near Jamaica.
Nov of 1720
Tried and convicted of piracy.
Nov 28, 1720
Bonny and Mary Read were tried for piracy in Jamaica and found guilty; execution was postponed because both were pregnant.
Feb 10, 1721
Died at sea off Cape Lopez, Gabon, West Africa (shot in the throat by grapeshot from HMS Swallow).
Apr 28, 1721
Died in prison in Jamaica.
Aug 18, 1750
Born in Legnago, Republic of Venice (now Italy).
1766
Taken to Vienna by composer F.L. Gassmann and introduced to Emperor Joseph II.
1770
First opera, Le donne letterate, premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna.
Between 1770 and 1774
Began a prolific early opera career; in the next four years, nine operas were produced.
1774
Appointed court composer for the Italian opera in Vienna.
Between 1778 and 1780
Returned to Italy, writing comic operas for Milan, Venice, and Rome.
Apr 25, 1782
Released, returned to Charles Towne/Charleston, and died in old age
Between 1783 and 1788
Active supporter and frequent collaborator of Lorenzo Da Ponte (later Mozart’s librettist).
Between 1784 and 1788
Succeeded Gluck at the Paris Opéra.
1787
French opera Tarare premiered; his best-known work.
1788
Translated and adapted Tarare into Italian as Axur, re d’Ormus; appointed Hofkapellmeister (court chapel director) in Vienna.
Between 1788 and 1824
Held the Hofkapellmeister position for 36 years, the longest tenure in the institution’s history.
Between 1790 and May 7, 1825
After 1790, as Hofkapellmeister he was officially court conductor for choral concerts only.
1795
Opera Palmira, regina di Persia premiered.
1798
Opera Falstaff premiered.
Between 1800 and 1802
Taught Beethoven Italian vocal style and opera writing.
Jul 24, 1802
Born in Villers-Cotterêts
1804
Last opera performed; after this, he focused on sacred music.
Feb 26, 1806
Father's Death
1817
Schubert’s private lessons with Salieri ended.
May 7, 1825
Died in Vienna.
Feb 11, 1829
Henri III et sa cour
Mar 30, 1830
Christine premieres
May 3, 1831
Antony & Napoléon Bonaparte
May 29, 1832
La Tour de Nesle
1838
Begins novel collaboration
Feb 3, 1840
Marries Ida Ferrier
Between Mar 14, 1844 and Jul of 1844
The Three Musketeers serialized
Between Aug 28, 1844 and Jan 15, 1846
The Count of Monte Cristo serialized
Between 1847 and 1850
The Vicomte de Bragelonne
Feb of 1847
Théâtre-Historique opens
Jul of 1848
Attended Seneca Falls Convention
Jan of 1849
Founded The Lily
Dec of 1851
Exiled to Belgium
Between 1858 and 1859
Travels to Russia
Between Sep 17, 1859 and Nov 23, 1859
Born in New York City, U.S. (Most sources point to the city, though the exact date is disputed) .
Between 1860 and 1864
Supports Garibaldi in Italy
Between 1871 and 1873
President, Iowa Suffrage Association
Sep 16, 1874
His mother, Catherine McCarty, dies of tuberculosis in Silver City, New Mexico. He is orphaned and begins a life of petty crime .
Sep of 1875
Arrested for stealing food. Ten days later, he robs a Chinese laundry, is jailed, and escapes within two days, becoming a fugitive .
Aug 17, 1877
Kills blacksmith Frank "Windy" Cahill during a fight at a saloon in Camp Grant, Arizona. This is his first known murder, and he flees back to New Mexico .
1878
Joins the "Regulators" and participates in the Lincoln County War in New Mexico. The conflict escalates when Sheriff William J. Brady is killed in an ambush on April 1, for which Billy is later charged .
Dec of 1880
Captured by Sheriff Pat Garrett after a manhunt. He is convicted of murder in April 1881 and sentenced to hang .
Apr 28, 1881
Escapes from jail in Lincoln, New Mexico, killing two deputies in the process. He remains at large for over two months .
Jul 14, 1881
Died in Fort Sumner, New Mexico, U.S. Sheriff Pat Garrett ambushes and shoots him at the ranch home of Pete Maxwell .
Between 1902 and 1917
Childhood
Mar of 1917
Russian Revolution
Apr of 1918
Transfer to Ekaterinburg