World History Personal Reference

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Between 1260 and 1264
  –  

Toluid Civil War

Civil war between Kublai and his brother Ariq Böke. This is linked to a simultaneous war between Hulegu and Berke (of the Golden Horde, Batu's brother). In 1264-65, Hulegu and Berke die and Ariq Böke surrenders, leaving Kublai as Great Khan. An Ogedeid named Kaidu then begins a revolt against Kublai that lasts for over 30 years. The ultimate result is the four khanates we know well: the Ilkhanate, the Golden Horde, the Chagatai Khanate, and the Yuan.