Bio: Entries: Anastrophe - "Anastrophe can apply to the usual order of adjectives in English, so that Arnold's 'melancholy, long, withdrawing roar,' Eliot's 'one-night cheap hotels,' and Yeat's 'terrified vague fingers' all depart from the customary sequence." Apollonian - "These contrasting terms connote much of the same opposition as classicism and romanticism and are very similar to Matthew Arnold's Hellenism and Hebraism, to Schopenhauer's The World as Will and Idea, and to Schiller's antinomy of the naive and the sentimental. " Classicism - "Though nineteenth-century literature was largely romantic (or in its later phases realistic), the vitality of the classical attitude is shown by the critical writings of such thinkers as Cardinal Newman, Matthew Arnold, and Walter Pater." Criticism - "Matthew Arnold, the leading English critic of the second half of the nineteenth century, thought of poetry as a 'criticism of life' and of criticism itself as the effort to 'know the best that is known and thought in the world and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas.' Form, order, and measure constituted the classical qualities that Arnold admired. Seeking to judge literature by high standards, he used specimens (or touchstones) as well as his own sensitive taste in forming judgements. (However, not all of Arnold's specimens are uniformly appropriate.) 'The grand style,' he said, 'arises in poetry, when a noble nature, poetically gifted, treats with simplicity or with severity a serious subject.' The greatness of a poet 'lies in his powerful and beautiful application of ideas to life.' Three of his better-known critical essays are The Function of Criticism (1865), The Study of Poetry (1888), and On Translating Homer (1861)." Criticism, Types of - "Criticism may also be classified according to its purpose. The principal purposes are (...) (4) to interpret works to readers who might otherwise fail to understand or appreciate them (Matthew Arnold, Edmund Wilson)" Disinterestedness - "An ideal quality of objectivity and impartiality unpolluted by illegitimate self-interest or by conflict of interest. The term was promoted by Kant, Keats, Hazlitt, and Arnold." Early Victorian Age - "In the essay, Carlyle, Newman, Ruskin, Arnold, and De Quincey did outstanding work." Edinburgh Review - "Later contributors included Macaulay, Carlyle, Hazlitt, and Arnold." Epigone - "Thus, 'Thyrsis' by Matthew Arnold might be called an epigone of the great English pastoral elegy tradition (...)" Epyllion - "Matthew Arnold's Sohrab and Rustum (...) [is an epyllion]." Essay - Appears in list of "book reviews in the form of long critical essays" and in list of authors whose "separate chapters in the books of such writers (...) are essay-like." Grand Style, The - "A concept traceable back as far as classical antiquity (Longinus) and coming forward to theorists of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Edmund Burke and Matthew Arnold) that involved a host of lofty elements: nobility of character, sublimity of conception, dignified simplicity or severity of utterance, and grandeur of scope." Humanism - "One phase of the reaction against romanticism in the nineteenth century was a revival of humanism, as exemplified in Matthew Arnold." Humanism, The New - "A movement called The New Humanism took place in America between 1910 and 1930, inspired somewhat by the humanist position of Matthew Arnold." Industrial Revolution - "Ruskin and Carlyle sought to point the way to reform; Arnold in his Essays condemned a Philistine England that measured greatness by wealth and numbers." Keats Ode Stanza - "Matthew Arnold adapted the stanza for two of his greatest poems -- 'The Scholar Gipsy' and 'Thyrsis' -- both of which use a stanza rhymed abcbadeed, with trimeter in the sixth line." Late Victorian Age - "In the essay, Spencer, Huxley, Newman, Arnold, and Morris argued the meaning of the new science, religion, and society." Liminality - "In quite a few modern works, the seashore functions as a powerfully charged threshold: Arnold's 'Dover Beach,' (...)" Monody - "A dirge or lament in which a single mourner expresses grief -- for example, Arnold's Thyrsis, A Monody." Pastoral - Arnold's Thyrsis appears in list of English pastorals. Philistinism - "The term, originally German, was made popular in English by Matthew Arnold's use of it in "Sweetness and Light," the first chapter of Culture and Anarchy." Poetry - "Poetry has significance; it adds to our store of knowledge or experience. This is what Matthew Arnold meant when he wrote of it as a "criticism of life" and what Watts-Dunton meant when he called it an "artistic expression of the human mind." Realistic Period (English) - "In the essay, Arnold, Huxley, Spencer, and Pater displayed earnestness and force, but it was in the novel that the age found its profoundest expression." Requiem - His poem "Requiescat" is used as an example of a requiem. Romantic Period (English) - Listed as a poet and critic of the period. "Sweetness and Light" - "A phrase given great popularity by Matthew Arnold, who used it as the title of the first chapter of Culture and Anarchy (1869). Arnold borrowed it from Swift's The Battle of the Books, where Swift, in recounting the apologue of the Spider and the Bee, summarizes the argument relating to the superiority of ancient over modern authors thus: 'Instead of furnishing mankind with the two noblest of things, which are sweetness and light.' These two 'noblest of things,' as Arnold uses the term, are beauty and intelligence-- and it is to these that sweetness and light refer. Touchstone - "A term used metaphorically as a critical standard by Matthew Arnold in 'The Study of Poetry.'(...) Touchstones for Arnold were 'lines and expressions of the great masters,' which the critic should always hold in mind and apply 'as a touchstone to other poetry.' They form, he believed, an infallible way of 'detecting the presence or absence of high poetic quality... in all other poetry which we may place beside them.' Arnold adduced three passages from Homer, three from Dante, two from Shakespeare, and three from Milton."